India-Russia at 25 (Strategic Partnership)

India and Russia marked a quarter-century of their strategic partnership at the 23rd Annual Summit in New Delhi (4-5 December 2025), where President Vladimir Putin's state visit produced Programme 2030 - a roadmap to lift two-way trade to USD 100 billion and to re-tool a Cold-War-era arms relationship into joint design and manufacturing. The declaration first signed during Putin's maiden India visit in October 2000 has since grown into what both capitals call a Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership, prized by New Delhi for energy security, nuclear power and defence, even as it tests India's diplomacy in a sanctions-hit, increasingly China-aligned Russia.