MMDR Amendment Act, 2025

The MMDR Amendment Act, 2025 - in force since 1 September 2025 - is the boldest rewrite of India's mining law in a decade, engineered to coax more critical and deep-seated minerals out of the ground. It lets the Centre build mineral exchanges for transparent price discovery, frees captive miners to sell surplus output in the open market, and reboots the exploration trust (NMET, now renamed NMEDT) to bankroll projects even beyond India's borders.