COP30 Belém & India's Stance

COP30, the UN climate summit, ran in Belém on the edge of the Amazon from 10 to 22 November 2025 and closed with the 'Global Mutirão' package — Brazil's word for a community pulling together. Governments agreed to work toward roughly 1.3 trillion dollars a year in climate finance by 2035 and to lift adaptation funding, launched a 5.5-billion-dollar tropical-forests fund, and set up a Just Transition Mechanism. What they would not do was name fossil fuels: a phase-out roadmap backed by more than 80 nations was struck in the final hours. India, speaking through Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav, anchored its case in equity and CBDR — pressing rich countries for finance 'in trillions, not billions' and warning that the mitigation burden must not land on those least responsible for the crisis.